How to format your references using the Quantum Electronics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quantum Electronics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Loder N 2000 Uproar at Oxford as suspended professor returns to work Nature 404 214

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Parker J L and Newstead S 2014 Molecular basis of nitrate uptake by the plant nitrate transporter NRT1.1 Nature 507 68–72

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Luo M, Fee M S and Katz L C 2003 Encoding pheromonal signals in the accessory olfactory bulb of behaving mice Science 299 1196–201

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Kachkanov V, Leung B, Song J, Zhang Y, Tsai M-C, Yuan G, Han J and O’Donnell K P 2014 Structural dynamics of GaN microcrystals in Evolutionary Selection Selective Area Growth probed by X-ray microdiffraction Sci. Rep. 4 4651

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Speight J G 2013 Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Seckbach J and Kociolek P 2011 The Diatom World vol 19 (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kwok-bun C and Wai-wan C 2012 Social Strain and the Adaptive Behavior of Hong Kong Return Migrants Living Intersections: Transnational Migrant Identifications in Asia ed C Plüss and K-B Chan (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands) pp 73–99

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quantum Electronics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2014 Four Rare White Lion Cubs Born IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1990 Excess and Surplus Personal Property Transfer Program (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Haire K K 2015 Elucidation of the Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Drug-Induced Toxicity Doctoral dissertation (Tampa, FL: University of South Florida)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rothenberg B 2017 With Her Surgeon Watching, Kvitova Shows Off Skilled Handiwork New York Times B9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Quantum Electronics
Abbreviation	Quantum Elec. (Woodbury)
ISSN (print)	1063-7818
ISSN (online)	1468-4799
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics