How to format your references using the Quaternary International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quaternary International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Postle, K., 2002. Close before opening. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295, 1658–1659.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marler, J.R., Goldstein, L.B., 2003. Medicine. Stroke--tPA and the clinic. Science (New York, N.Y.) 301, 1677.

A journal article with 3 authors

Han, Y., Bai, T., Liu, W., 2014. Controlled heterogeneous stem cell differentiation on a shape memory hydrogel surface. Scientific reports 4, 5815.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Smittenberg, R.H., Eglinton, T.I., Schouten, S., Damsté, J.S.S., 2006. Ongoing buildup of refractory organic carbon in boreal soils during the Holocene. Science (New York, N.Y.) 314, 1283–1286.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kissell, J., 2009. Mac® Security Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

McLaurin, B.T., 2012. Reconstructing Human-Landscape Interactions - Volume 1: Interpreting Desert and Fluvial Environments, SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lombardini, L., 2006. ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS IN DRY ENVIRONMENTS. In: D’Odorico, P., Porporato, A. (Eds.), Dryland Ecohydrology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 47–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quaternary International.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. “Transformer” Water Fleas Can Grow Armor And Weapons For Specific Predators [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/transformer-water-fleas-can-grow-armor-and-weapons-for-specific-predators/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1981. Request for Comments on Proposed Amendment (No. B-203547). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lucky-Medford, L., 2010. A gendered approach to synaesthesia using the poetry of John Keats and Emily Dickinson (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MERCED, M.J. de la, 2017. Investors Give $90 Million To a Flying Car Start-Up. New York Times B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Postle, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Postle, 2002; Marler and Goldstein, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Marler and Goldstein, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Smittenberg et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Quaternary International
Abbreviation	Quat. Int.
ISSN (print)	1040-6182
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes