How to format your references using the Retina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Retina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Norrby SR. Alert to a European epidemic. Nature. 2004;431:507-508.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wiseman RL, Kelly JW. Cell biology. Phosphatase inhibition delays translational recovery. Science. 2011;332:44-45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Woodroffe R, Hedges S, Durant SM. Ecology. To fence or not to fence. Science. 2014;344:46-48.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jang M, Czoschke NM, Lee S, Kamens RM. Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol production by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions. Science. 2002;298:814-817.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baban TM. Shallow Foundations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Xenakis C, Wolthusen S, eds. Critical Information Infrastructures Security: 5th International Workshop, CRITIS 2010, Athens, Greece, September 23-24, 2010. Revised Papers. Vol 6712. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Altun K, Barshan B. Human Activity Recognition Using Inertial/Magnetic Sensor Units. In: Salah AA, Gevers T, Sebe N, Vinciarelli A, eds. Human Behavior Understanding: First International Workshop, HBU 2010, Istanbul, Turkey, August 22, 2010. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2010:38-51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Retina.

Blog post

Andrew E. We Need To Know The Algorithms The Government Uses To Make Important Decisions About Us. IFLScience. Published May 28, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/we-need-know-algorithms-government-uses-make-important-decisions-about-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Challenges in Protecting Federal Systems and Developing Analysis and Warning Capabilities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shroff N. Efficient Sensing, Summarization and Classification of Videos. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Borjas G. The Immigration Debate We Need. New York Times. February 27, 2017:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Retina
Abbreviation	Retina
ISSN (print)	0275-004X
ISSN (online)	1539-2864
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology