How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mátyás C. Forecasts needed for retreating forests. Nature 2010 29;464:1271.

A journal article with 2 authors

Begun DR, Ward CV. Comment on “Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new Middle Miocene great ape from Spain.” Science 2005 8;308:203; author reply 203.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kirk PDW, Babtie AC, Stumpf MPH. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. Systems biology (un)certainties. Science 2015 23;350:386–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Thoma R, Schulz-Gasch T, D’Arcy B, Benz J, Aebi J, Dehmlow H, et al. Insight into steroid scaffold formation from the structure of human oxidosqualene cyclase. Nature 2004 4;432:118–22.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carne EB. Connections for the Digital Age. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Tavares JMRS, Jorge RMN, editors. Advances in Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing: Methods and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Lone SH, Bhat KA, Khuroo MA. Biological Profile of Artemisia amygdalina. In: Bhat KA, Khuroo MA, editors. Chemical and Pharmacological Perspective of Artemisia amygdalina. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 39–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Beauty Of The Cosmos Revealed In Stunning Astronomy Photographer Of The Year 2016 Images [Internet]. IFLScience 2016 16 [cited 2018 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/beauty-of-the-cosmos-revealed-in-stunning-astronomy-photographer-of-the-year-2016-images/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DOD Major Automated Information Systems: Improvements Can Be Made in Applying Leading Practices for Managing Risk and Testing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

ELBoushi TC. Evaluating ethics training and the outcome on leadership decision making: A phenomenological study. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly S. Children’s Books. New York Times 1995 13;723.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0036-5548
ISSN (online)	1651-1980
Scope	General Immunology and Microbiology General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)