How to format your references using the Science of the Total Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Science of the Total Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, V., 2015. Tissue engineering: Organs from the lab. Nature 522, 373–377.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schraidt, O., Marlovits, T.C., 2011. Three-dimensional model of Salmonella’s needle complex at subnanometer resolution. Science 331, 1192–1195.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karlsson, M.P., Tervo, D.G.R., Karpova, A.Y., 2012. Network resets in medial prefrontal cortex mark the onset of behavioral uncertainty. Science 338, 135–139.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tang, J., Xu, Y., McKellar, A.R.W., Jäger, W., 2002. Quantum solvation of carbonyl sulfide with helium atoms. Science 297, 2030–2033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kurrer, K.-E., 2016. Geschichte der Baustatik. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Aschieri, P., 2009. Noncommutative Spacetimes: Symmetries in Noncommutative Geometry and Field Theory, Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Basu, M., Ho, T.K., 2006. Linear Separability in Descent Procedures for Linear Classifiers, in: Basu, M., Ho, T.K. (Eds.), Data Complexity in Pattern Recognition, Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer, London, pp. 69–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Science of the Total Environment.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Failure In Real Science Is Good – And Different From Phony Controversies [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Information Technology Management: Census Bureau Has Implemented Many Key Practices, but Additional Actions Are Needed (No. GAO-05-661). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Conner, P.A., 2009. The STAR Math test as a predictor of Arkansas BenchmarkTest scores (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S., 2000. Hard Feelings. New York Times D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Marx, 2015; Schraidt and Marlovits, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schraidt and Marlovits, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Tang et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Science of the Total Environment
Abbreviation	Sci. Total Environ.
ISSN (print)	0048-9697
Scope	Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal