How to format your references using the Scottish Journal of Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scottish Journal of Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edwards, E.A. 2014. Microbiology. Breathing the unbreathable. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346, 424–425.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huppert, H.E. and Woods, A.W. 2002. The role of volatiles in magma chamber dynamics. Nature, 420, 493–495.

A journal article with 3 authors

Venditti, C., Meade, A. and Pagel, M. 2011. Multiple routes to mammalian diversity. Nature, 479, 393–396.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dong, X.-P., Donoghue, P.C.J., Cheng, H. and Liu, J.-B. 2004. Fossil embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China. Nature, 427, 237–240.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leuf, B. 2006. The Semantic Web.

An edited book

Basu, S. 2006. Algorithms in Real Algebraic Geometry, Second Edition. Pollack, R. and Roy, M.-F. (eds). Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics.

A chapter in an edited book

Gonzàlez-Alujas, M.T. and Evangelista Masip, A. 2016. Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis. In: Habib, G. (ed.) Infective Endocarditis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Imaging, Therapy, and Prevention. 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scottish Journal of Geology.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2014. Ferocious Extinct Fox Fossils Found In Tibet. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ferocious-extinct-fox-fossils-found-tibet/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1995. Federal Aviation Administration: Issues Related to FAA Reform. T-RCED-95-247.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, K. 2014. The Lexicographic Treatment of Color Terms. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. 2017. Dissecting the Pain of Fame. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Edwards 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Huppert and Woods 2002; Edwards 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huppert and Woods 2002)
Three or more authors: (Dong et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scottish Journal of Geology
Abbreviation	Scott. J. Geol.
ISSN (print)	0036-9276
ISSN (online)	2041-4951
Scope	Geology