How to format your references using the Ships and Offshore Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ships and Offshore Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dahl-Jensen D. 2000. CLIMATE CHANGE: Enhanced: The Greenland Ice Sheet Reacts. Science. 289(5478):404–405.

A journal article with 2 authors

Warneken F, Tomasello M. 2006. Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees. Science. 311(5765):1301–1303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Creed M, Pascoli VJ, Lüscher C. 2015. Addiction therapy. Refining deep brain stimulation to emulate optogenetic treatment of synaptic pathology. Science. 347(6222):659–664.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Deary IJ, Whiteman MC, Pattie A, Starr JM, Hayward C, Wright AF, Carothers A, Whalley LJ. 2002. Cognitive change and the APOE epsilon 4 allele. Nature. 418(6901):932.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burger M, Graeber B, Schindlmayr G. 2014. Managing Energy Risk. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Tehranipoor M. 2014. Integrated Circuit Authentication: Hardware Trojans and Counterfeit Detection. Salmani H, Zhang X, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Evans MA, Saint-Aubin J. 2010. An Eye for Print: Child and Adult Attention to Print During Shared Book Reading. In: Aram D, Korat O, editors. Literacy Development and Enhancement Across Orthographies and Cultures. Boston, MA: Springer US; p. 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ships and Offshore Structures.

Blog post

Hamilton K. 2016. Three Ways Facebook Could Reduce Fake News Without Resorting To Censorship. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Truck Safety: Share the Road Safely Pilot Initiative Showed Promise, but the Program’s Future Success Is Uncertain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sevier J. 2013. A preventative and treatment substance use program for GLBT adolescents in Long Beach: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM. 2015. Flavor Bombs From a Storm-Tossed Chef. New York Times.:LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dahl-Jensen 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Dahl-Jensen 2000; Warneken and Tomasello 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Warneken and Tomasello 2006)
Three or more authors: (Deary et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ships and Offshore Structures
Abbreviation	Ships Offshore Structures
ISSN (print)	1744-5302
ISSN (online)	1754-212X
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Ocean Engineering