How to format your references using the Shock citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Shock. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Humayun M: Planetary science. A unique piece of Mars. Science 339(6121):771–772, 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buchan JR, Parker R: Molecular biology. The two faces of miRNA. Science 318(5858):1877–1878, 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jasny BR, Kelner KL, Pennisi E: Genetics of behavior. From genes to social behavior. Introduction. Science 322(5903):891, 2008.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Charmantier A, McCleery RH, Cole LR, Perrins C, Kruuk LEB, Sheldon BC: Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population. Science 320(5877):800–803, 2008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Attokaran M: Natural Food Flavors and Colorants. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Fet V, Popov A (Eds): Biogeography and Ecology of Bulgaria. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Prasad SV, Meher KK: Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste: A Focus on Microbial Community Structures. In Karthikeyan OP, Heimann K, Muthu SS (eds) Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Springer: Singapore, 2016, pp 127–163.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Shock.

Blog post

Andrew D: Can Drinking Coffee Reduce Your Dementia Risk? IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/can-drinking-coffee-reduce-your-dementia-risk/. October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: K-12 Education: Selected States and School Districts Cited Numerous Federal Requirements As Burdensome, While Recognizing Some Benefits. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen A: Poetry as a Museum. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B: A Father and a Family, Dissolving Into Darkness. New York Times:C1, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Shock
ISSN (print)	1073-2322
ISSN (online)	1540-0514
Scope