How to format your references using the Societies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Societies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nowak, M.A. Prisoners of the Dilemma. Nature 2004, 427, 491.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shenoy, S.K.; Rockman, H.A. Cardiovascular Biology: Heart Fails without Pump Partner. Nature 2011, 477, 546–547.

A journal article with 3 authors

Browne, J.; Tunnacliffe, A.; Burnell, A. Anhydrobiosis: Plant Desiccation Gene Found in a Nematode. Nature 2002, 416, 38.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Marvier, M.; McCreedy, C.; Regetz, J.; Kareiva, P. A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Bt Cotton and Maize on Nontarget Invertebrates. Science 2007, 316, 1475–1477.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krichen, S.; Chaouachi, J. Graph-Related Optimization and Decision Support Systems; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781118984260.

An edited book

Understanding German Real Estate Markets; Just, T., Maennig, W., Eds.; Management for Professionals; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; ISBN 9783642236105.

A chapter in an edited book

Yamagishi, T. Trust and Social Intelligence. In Trust Management V: 5th IFIP WG 11.11 International Conference, IFIPTM 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 29 – July 1, 2011. Proceedings; Wakeman, I., Gudes, E., Jensen, C.D., Crampton, J., Eds.; IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; pp. 17–18 ISBN 9783642221996.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Societies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Mutations In mtDNA May Not Be as Rare or Random as Previously Believed Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mutations-mtdna-may-not-be-rare-or-random-previously-believed/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Information Technology: Federal Agencies Face Challenges in Implementing Initiatives to Improve Public Health Infrastructure; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2005;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, M. Successful Emancipation of Foster Youth through the Use of Mentors: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. Sip, Munch and Cheer. New York Times 2011, NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Societies
Abbreviation	Societies (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2075-4698
Scope