How to format your references using the Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yavuz, D. D.: Physics. Toward synthesis of arbitrary optical waveforms, Science, 331, 1142–1143, 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

Codelli, J. A. and Reisman, S. E.: Chemistry. Pactamycin made easy, Science, 340, 152–153, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tay, Y., Rinn, J., and Pandolfi, P. P.: The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition, Nature, 505, 344–352, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Isshiki, M., Irifune, T., Hirose, K., Ono, S., Ohishi, Y., Watanuki, T., Nishibori, E., Takata, M., and Sakata, M.: Stability of magnesite and its high-pressure form in the lowermost mantle, Nature, 427, 60–63, 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brodsky, B. S. and Stanley, B.: The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Primer, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2013.

An edited book

Schomburg, H.: Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Europe: Results from Graduate Surveys from Twelve Countries, edited by: Teichler, U., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, VIII, 172 p p., 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Kashef, M. M. and Altmann, J.: A Cost Model for Hybrid Clouds, in: Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services: 8th International Workshop, GECON 2011, Paphos, Cyprus, December 5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, edited by: Vanmechelen, K., Altmann, J., and Rana, O. F., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 46–60, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solid Earth.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Extinct Animal Found Alive and Well in New Zealand, 2014., 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Environmental Protection: Solving NASA’s Current Problems Requires Agencywide Emphasis, NSIAD-91-146, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blackmar, M. D.: Wagner domesticated, Wagner democratized: The parlor reception of Musikdrama, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J.: Living the Bike Life, , New York Times20th JanuaryMB7, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yavuz, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Codelli and Reisman, 2013; Yavuz, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Codelli and Reisman, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Isshiki et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solid Earth
Abbreviation	Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	1869-9510
ISSN (online)	1869-9529
Scope	Soil Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Geology Geophysics Palaeontology Stratigraphy