How to format your references using the Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roos DS. Genetics. Themes and variations in apicomplexan parasite biology. Science 2005;309:72–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Shea JJ, Paul WE. Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells. Science 2010;327:1098–102.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wolfe JM, Horowitz TS, Kenner NM. Cognitive psychology: rare items often missed in visual searches. Nature 2005;435:439–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Murayama M, Howe JM, Hidaka H, Takaki S. Atomic-level observation of disclination dipoles in mechanically milled, nanocrystalline Fe. Science 2002;295:2433–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pozen R, Hamacher T, Phillips D. The Fund Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Ahmad VU, Basha A, editors. Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides: Pregnanes, Androstanes, and Miscellaneous: Volume 5. New York, NY: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Manayi A, Kourepaz-Mahmoodabadi M. Phytochemical Contents. In: Gohari AR, Manayi A, Kourepaz-Mahmoodabadi M, editors. Satureja: Ethnomedicine, Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Activities, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. The 5p Carrier Bag Charge Has Paved The Way For Other Waste Reduction Policies. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The A-76 Study at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center Could Have Been Compromised by the Disclosure of Certain Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Trinooson TE. CFD investigations of a round jet with coil insert in crossflow. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Revamped Streaming Services Plan to Gauge the Value of Music in the Internet Age. New York Times 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Roos, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (O’Shea and Paul, 2010; Roos, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (O’Shea and Paul, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Murayama et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Spat. Spatiotemporal Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-5845
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Geography, Planning and Development