How to format your references using the Sports Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kuratani S. Evolution. A muscular perspective on vertebrate evolution. Science. 2013;341:139–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sfeir A, de Lange T. Removal of shelterin reveals the telomere end-protection problem. Science. 2012;336:593–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bertet C, Sulak L, Lecuit T. Myosin-dependent junction remodelling controls planar cell intercalation and axis elongation. Nature. 2004;429:667–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Xiao Z, Sun K, Subbiah J, Ji S, Jones DJ, Wong WWH. Hydrogen bonding in bulk heterojunction solar cells: a case study. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5701.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sarisky D. Scriptural Interpretation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Par G, Morrow P, editors. Sensor Systems and Software: Second International ICST Conference, S-Cube 2010, Miami, FL, USA, December 13-15, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kang J, Sim KM. A Brokering Protocol for Agent-Based Grid Resource Discovery. In: Ślęzak D, Kim T-H, Yau SS, Gervasi O, Kang B-H, editors. Grid and Distributed Computing: International Conference, GDC 2009, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conferences, FGIT 2009, Jeju Island, Korea, December 10-12, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 33–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Cell-Like Structure Found in Martian Meteorite [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/cell-structure-found-martian-meteorite/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Better Information Needed for Oversight and Evaluation of Selected Elementary and Secondary Education Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 May. Report No.: PAD-78-35.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Green JL. The leadership practices of executive women of local government [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Mets Catch a Break, Then Catch Fire, to Defeat the Braves on Opening Day. New York Times. 2017 Apr 3;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine
Abbreviation	Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0112-1642
ISSN (online)	1179-2035
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation