How to format your references using the Sports Medicine - Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine - Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Resch KJ. Physics. Amplifying a tiny optical effect. Science. 2008;319:733–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Schlesinger WH, Lichter J. Limited carbon storage in soil and litter of experimental forest plots under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature. 2001;411:466–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bell E, Rowen L, Hood L. Publication rights for sequence data producers. Science. 2000;290:1696b–8b.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wood AJ, Lo T-W, Zeitler B, Pickle CS, Ralston EJ, Lee AH, et al. Targeted genome editing across species using ZFNs and TALENs. Science. 2011;333:307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wei J. Great Inventions that Changed the World. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Heng S-H, Wright RN, Goi B-M, editors. Cryptology and Network Security: 9th International Conference, CANS 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 12-14, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Van Assche K, Teampău P. Cosmopolitanism and Networks: Odessa, Trieste, Tbilisi. In: Teampău P, editor. Local Cosmopolitanism: Imagining and (Re-)Making Privileged Places. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 25–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine - Open.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Red Dwarves Have Surprisingly Slow Planetary Formation [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/red-dwarves-show-surprisingly-slow-planetary-formation/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Embedded Computer Systems: Status of C-17 Software. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Mar. Report No.: T-IMTEC-93-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sutherland CE. Positive deviance during organization change: Researchers’ social construction of expanded university goals [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. House Bill on Puerto Rico Debt Near Completion. New York Times. 2016 Apr 9;B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine - Open
Abbreviation	Sports Med. Open
ISSN (print)	2199-1170
ISSN (online)	2198-9761
Scope