How to format your references using the Stigma and Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stigma and Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hajduk, S. L. (2006). Microbiology. Timing the sexual development of parasites. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5787), 626–627.

A journal article with 2 authors

Inoue, J., & Ohno, H. (2005). Physics. Taking the hall effect for a spin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5743), 2004–2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ekström, G., Nettles, M., & Tsai, V. C. (2006). Seasonality and increasing frequency of Greenland glacial earthquakes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5768), 1756–1758.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Li, S., Ting, N. S., Zheng, L., Chen, P. L., Ziv, Y., Shiloh, Y., Lee, E. Y., & Lee, W. H. (2000). Functional link of BRCA1 and ataxia telangiectasia gene product in DNA damage response. Nature, 406(6792), 210–215.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Casandjian, C., Challamel, N., Lanos, C., & Hellesland, J. (2013). Reinforced Concrete Beams, Columns and Frames. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lin, C. Y.-Y. (2014). National Intellectual Capital and the Financial Crisis in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland (L. Edvinsson, J. Chen, & T. Beding, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Webster, C. (2015). Spanish- and English-Speaking Hispanic Subcultural Consumption Differences. In K. D. Bahn (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1988 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 18–22). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stigma and Health.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, May 11). How To Build A Smartphone Microscope Stand for $10. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Aviation Security: DHS Has Taken Steps to Enhance International Aviation Security and Facilitate Compliance with International Standards, but Challenges Remain (GAO-11-238T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Quick, T. D. (2012). Faith-based charter school success at education ground zero [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2016, December 21). Nielsen, Highlighting Value of Data, Is Buying Gracenote for $560 Million. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hajduk, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Hajduk, 2006; Inoue & Ohno, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Inoue & Ohno, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Stigma and Health
ISSN (print)	2376-6972
ISSN (online)	2376-6964
Scope