How to format your references using the Strategy Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Strategy Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gaffney O (2014) Quiet green revolution starts to make some noise. Nature 505(7485):587.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meharg AA, Killham K (2003) Environment: A pre-industrial source of dioxins and furans. Nature 421(6926):909–910.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pichersky E, Noel JP, Dudareva N (2006) Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature’s diversity and ingenuity. Science 311(5762):808–811.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhang Y, Jia S, Huang H, Qiu J, Zhou C (2014) A novel algorithm for the precise calculation of the maximal information coefficient. Sci. Rep. 4:6662.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kulaev IS, Vagabov VM, Kulakovskaya TV (2005) The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK).

An edited book

Pokorski M ed. (2015) Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function (Springer International Publishing, Cham).

A chapter in an edited book

Audeh B, Beaune P, Beigbeder M (2013) Recall-Oriented Evaluation for Information Retrieval Systems. Lupu M, Kanoulas E, Loizides F, eds. Multidisciplinary Information Retrieval: 6th Information Retrieval Facility Conference, IRFC 2013, Limassol, Cyprus, October 7-9, 2013. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg), 29–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Strategy Science.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) What Is The Dark Web And How Does It Work? IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), https://www.iflscience.com/technology/what-is-the-dark-web-and-how-does-it-work/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Interstate Commerce Commission: Impacts of Eliminating or Transferring Motor Carrier and Other Functions (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez AN (2017) Connecting the Community: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) New Life for an Immortal Story. New York Times (February 3).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gaffney 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Meharg and Killham 2003, Gaffney 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Meharg and Killham 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Strategy Science
ISSN (print)	2333-2050
ISSN (online)	2333-2077
Scope