How to format your references using the Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Verdin E. NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015;350:1208–1213.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wolchok JD, Chan TA. Cancer: Antitumour immunity gets a boost. Nature. 2014;515:496–498.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chuck AL, Turner SM, Liss PS. Direct evidence for a marine source of C1 and C2 alkyl nitrates. Science. 2002;297:1151–1154.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Middey S, Rivero P, Meyers D, Kareev M, Liu X, Cao Y, Freeland JW, Barraza-Lopez S, Chakhalian J. Polarity compensation in ultra-thin films of complex oxides: the case of a perovskite nickelate. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:6819.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mariño PP. Optimization of Computer Networks - Modeling and Algorithms. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Chen H, Ji H, Sun L, Wang H, Qian T, Ruan T, editors. Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing: Semantic, Knowledge, and Linked Big Data: First China Conference, CCKS 2016, Beijing, China, September 19-22, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Tóth CD, Toussaint GT, Winslow A. Open Guard Edges and Edge Guards in Simple Polygons. In: Márquez A, Ramos P, Urrutia J, editors. Computational Geometry: XIV Spanish Meeting on Computational Geometry, EGC 2011, Dedicated to Ferran Hurtado on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Alcalá de Henares, Spain, June 27-30, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 54–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stroke.

Blog post

Luntz S. When It Comes To Killing Pain, Friendships Are Better Than Drugs [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/friendships-beat-drugs-painkillers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Biotechnology: Processing Delays Continue for Growing Backlog of Patent Applications. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baghdadi M. A comparison of gender representation in English (EFL) and Arabic (AFL) textbooks in Iran: A critical discourse analysis. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wilson M. Trump’s First Visit Home Will Not Be a Sleepover. New York Times. 2017;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Stroke
Abbreviation	Stroke
ISSN (print)	0039-2499
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Neurology Advanced and Specialised Nursing