How to format your references using the Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kazazian HH Jr (2004) Mobile elements: drivers of genome evolution. Science 303:1626–1632

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang Z, Wang J (2014) Long-range hybrid wedge plasmonic waveguide. Sci Rep 4:6870

A journal article with 3 authors

Hassan MA, Mahmoodian R, Hamdi M (2014) Modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (MSPH) for the analysis of centrifugally assisted TiC-Fe-Al2O3 combustion synthesis. Sci Rep 4:3724

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Duan Y, Zhang X, Ge C, et al (2014) Development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the F167Y mutation of carbendazim-resistant isolates in Fusarium graminearum. Sci Rep 4:7094

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fisk P (2013) Chemical Risk Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Dediu A-H, Martín-Vide C, Truthe B, Vega-Rodríguez MA (eds) (2013) Theory and Practice of Natural Computing: Second International Conference, TPNC 2013, Cáceres, Spain, December 3-5, 2013, Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Iqbal R, Shah N, James A, et al (2007) Developing Ubiquitous Collaborating Multi-Agent Systems Based on QoS Requirements. In: Shen W, Luo J, Lin Z, et al. (eds) Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design III: 10th International Conference, CSCWD 2006, Nanjing, China, May 3-5, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–52

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Stink Bug Moms Choose the Color of Their Eggs. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Transportation Infrastructure: Advantages and Disadvantages of Wrap-Up Insurance for Large Construction Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

San KA (2017) Synthesis of Alkanethiolate-Capped Metal Nanoparticles Using Alkyl Thiosulfate Ligand Precursors for Selective Catalytic Reactions. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF (2016) Helping Hand for Start-Ups From Those Who’ve Been There Before. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kazazian 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Kazazian 2004; Zhang and Wang 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Wang 2014)
Three or more authors: (Duan et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Abbreviation	Struct. Multidiscipl. Optim.
ISSN (print)	1615-147X
ISSN (online)	1615-1488
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Science Applications Software Control and Systems Engineering Control and Optimization