How to format your references using the Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wager JF. Applied physics. Transparent electronics. Science 2003;300:1245–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. Reversing histone methylation. Nature 2005;436:1103–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Reber M, Burrola P, Lemke G. A relative signalling model for the formation of a topographic neural map. Nature 2004;431:847–53.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Larison JR, Likens GE, Fitzpatrick JW, Crock JG. Cadmium toxicity among wildlife in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Nature 2000;406:181–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ryan TP. Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement: Ryan/Quality Improvement 3E. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gilchrest BA, Krutmann J, editors. Skin Aging. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Garcia E, Antsaklis PJ, Montestruque LA. Time-Varying and Stochastic Feedback Updates. In: Antsaklis PJ, Montestruque LA, editors. Model-Based Control of Networked Systems, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 115–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Diverse Croc Communities Shared Mega-Wetlands 13 Million Years Ago. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Facilities: Reported Condition and Costs to Repair Schools Funded by Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lorentz J. The effect of requirements prioritization on avionics system conceptual design. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Ukraine: Border Accord With Russia. New York Times 2003:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Structures
ISSN (print)	2352-0124
Scope