How to format your references using the Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Clarke T. Infection risk puts the brakes on Canada’s biomedical research. Nature 2003;422:652.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. CANCER. A p53-regulated immune checkpoint relevant to cancer. Science 2015;349:476–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Cannistraci CV, Alanis-Lobato G, Ravasi T. From link-prediction in brain connectomes and protein interactomes to the local-community-paradigm in complex networks. Sci Rep 2013;3:1613.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Moon CR, Mattos LS, Foster BK, Zeltzer G, Ko W, Manoharan HC. Quantum phase extraction in isospectral electronic nanostructures. Science 2008;319:782–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Grist F. Basic Guide to Orthodontic Dental Nursing. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Smart JC, editor. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. vol. 24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Podinovski VV. DEA Models with Production Trade-offs and Weight Restrictions. In: Zhu J, editor. Data Envelopment Analysis: A Handbook of Models and Methods, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2015, p. 105–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. This Is What The Skeletons Of Famous Cartoon Characters Would Look Like. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ADP Systems: Concerns About DOD’s Composite Health Care System Development Contracts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Karyekar M. Translating observation into narration: The “sentimental” anthropology of Georg Forster (1754-1794). Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hanc J. Ideas and Goals, Yes. Walls, No. New York Times 2017:F42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
Abbreviation	Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1550-7289
Scope	Surgery