How to format your references using the Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B.R. Bloom, WHO needs change, Nature 473 (2011) 143–145.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Liston, J. Kagan, Brain development: memory enhancement in early childhood, Nature 419 (2002) 896.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.M. Tylianakis, T. Tscharntke, O.T. Lewis, Habitat modification alters the structure of tropical host-parasitoid food webs, Nature 445 (2007) 202–205.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I.F. Kappers, A. Aharoni, T.W.J.M. van Herpen, L.L.P. Luckerhoff, M. Dicke, H.J. Bouwmeester, Genetic engineering of terpenoid metabolism attracts bodyguards to Arabidopsis, Science 309 (2005) 2070–2072.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L. Norton, How to Be a Global Nonprofit, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

F. Carpi, ed., Electromechanically Active Polymers: A Concise Reference, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F.O. Stephens, K.R. Aigner, Symptoms of Cancer: Local and General, in: K.R. Aigner (Ed.), Basics of Oncology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 47–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Spectacular New Images Of Pluto’s Moon Charon, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/pluto-s-moon-charon-you-ve-never-seen-it/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, High Risk: Actions Needed to Address Serious Weaknesses in Federal Management of Programs Serving Indian Tribes, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.E. Canetta, Type III Neuregulin1 Signaling in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Affects Thermal Pain Sensation and Hyperalgesia, Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, Untouchable Pensions May Be Tested in California, New York Times (2012) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems
Abbreviation	Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2210-5379
Scope	General Computer Science Electrical and Electronic Engineering