How to format your references using the Teaching in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gupta, Sujata. 2014. “Skin Colour: No Hiding in the Dark.” Nature 515 (7527): S121-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Solozhenko, Vladimir L., and Oleksandr O. Kurakevych. 2013. “Equilibrium P-T Phase Diagram of Boron: Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Analysis.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2351.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, Daewon, Minjin Kim, and Kwang-Hyun Cho. 2014. “A Design Principle Underlying the Paradoxical Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases.” Scientific Reports 4 (July 2014): 5573.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Gibcus, Johan H., Kumiko Samejima, Anton Goloborodko, Itaru Samejima, Natalia Naumova, Johannes Nuebler, Masato T. Kanemaki, et al. 2018. “A Pathway for Mitotic Chromosome Formation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 359 (6376).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soustelle, Michel. 2016. Ionic and Electrochemical Equilibria. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chan, Jonathan H., Yew-Soon Ong, and Sung-Bae Cho, eds. 2010. Computational Systems-Biology and Bioinformatics: First International Conference, CSBio 2010, Bangkok, Thailand, November 3-5, 2010. Proceedings. Vol. 115. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kopřiva, Jan, and Jan Žižka. 2015. “MRI Axial Sections.” In Temporal Bone CT and MRI Anatomy: A Guide to 3D Volumetric Acquisitions, edited by Jan Žižka, 157–192. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching in Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Migraines Were Taken More Seriously In Medieval Times – Where Did We Go Wrong?” IFLScience, IFLScience, September 17. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/migraines-were-taken-more-seriously-in-medieval-times-where-did-we-go-wrong/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Mexican Trucking Wages. RCED-94-78R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Messian, Navid Moshe. 2012. “The Spiral of Time: A Path to the Soul—Jewish Mystical and Depth Psychological Perspectives.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alani, Hannah. 2017. “Family Recalls Life of Avid Cyclist, as Questions Are Raised About His Death.” New York Times, June 16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gupta 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gupta 2014; Solozhenko and Kurakevych 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Solozhenko and Kurakevych 2013)
Three authors: (Lee, Kim, and Cho 2014)
4 or more authors: (Gibcus et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching in Higher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1356-2517
ISSN (online)	1470-1294
Scope	Education