How to format your references using the Technology, Knowledge and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Knowledge and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benton, T. G. (2007). Ecology. Managing farming’s footprint on biodiversity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5810), 341–342.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jiggins, F. M., & Hurst, G. D. D. (2011). Microbiology. Rapid insect evolution by symbiont transfer. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6026), 185–186.

A journal article with 3 authors

Selje, N., Simon, M., & Brinkhoff, T. (2004). A newly discovered Roseobacter cluster in temperate and polar oceans. Nature, 427(6973), 445–448.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Taga, M. E., Larsen, N. A., Howard-Jones, A. R., Walsh, C. T., & Walker, G. C. (2007). BluB cannibalizes flavin to form the lower ligand of vitamin B12. Nature, 446(7134), 449–453.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rushton, A. (2011). VHDL for Logic Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mukhar, K. (2006). Beginning Java EE 5: From Novice to Professional. (C. Zelenak, J. L. Weaver, & J. Crume, Eds.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Kohavi, R. (2005). Focus the Mining Beacon: Lessons and Challenges from the World of E-Commerce. In A. M. Jorge, L. Torgo, P. Brazdil, R. Camacho, & J. Gama (Eds.), Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD 2005: 9th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Porto, Portugal, October 3-7, 2005. Proceedings (pp. 7–7). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, October 25). To Uncover The Secrets Of Exoplanets, Try Listening To Them. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/to-uncover-the-secrets-of-exoplanets-try-listening-to-thems/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). National Airspace System: Long-Term Capacity Planning Needed Despite Recent Reduction in Flight Delays (No. GAO-02-185). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simmons, C. I. (2017). A Logistic Regression Analysis of Multiple Independent Variables Impacting Psychiatric Readmissions (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, August 30). Astros Returning To Houston. New York Times, p. B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Benton 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Benton 2007; Jiggins and Hurst 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jiggins and Hurst 2011)
Three or more authors: (Taga et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Abbreviation	Technol. Knowl. Learn.
ISSN (print)	2211-1662
ISSN (online)	2211-1670
Scope	Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Mathematics (miscellaneous) Education