How to format your references using the Technology Operation Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology Operation Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rotblat, J. 2000. Mark Oliphant (1901-2000). Nature 407: 468.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leslie, Nicholas R., and Valerie G. Brunton. 2013. Cell biology. Where is PTEN? Science (New York, N.Y.) 341: 355–356.

A journal article with 3 authors

Prytkova, Tatiana R., Igor V. Kurnikov, and David N. Beratan. 2007. Coupling coherence distinguishes structure sensitivity in protein electron transfer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 315: 622–625.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ortlund, Eric A., Jamie T. Bridgham, Matthew R. Redinbo, and Joseph W. Thornton. 2007. Crystal structure of an ancient protein: evolution by conformational epistasis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317: 1544–1548.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schmidt, Paul, Rolf Körber, and Matthias Coppers. 2003. Sieben und Siebmaschinen. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Ananthasuresh, Gondi Kondaiah, Burkhard Corves, and Victor Petuya, ed. 2012. Micromechanics and Microactuators: Proceedings of MAMM 2010, Aachen, Germany, May 27-29, 2010. Vol. 2. Mechanisms and Machine Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Ju, Seongmin, Youngwoong Kim, Seongmook Jeong, Jong-Yeol Kim, Nam-Ho Lee, Hyun-Kyu Jung, and Won-Taek Han. 2016. Gamma-Ray Dose-Rate Dependence on Radiation Resistance of Specialty Optical Fiber with Inner Cladding Layers. In Photoptics 2014: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology Revised Selected Papers, ed. Paulo A. Ribeiro and Maria Raposo, 51–65. Springer Proceedings in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology Operation Management.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. An “Emotional AI” Is Being Developed By A Team Of Russian Researchers. IFLScience. IFLScience. July 11.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2003. Trends in State Capital Investment in Highways, an E-supplement to GAO-03-744R. GAO-03-915SP. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lim, Kyungeun. 2017. An Inquiry of How Art Education Policies are Reflected in Art Teacher Preparation: Examining the Standards for Visual Arts and Art Teacher Certification. Doctoral dissertation, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, John. 2017. A Life in Art. New York Times, June 16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rotblat 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Rotblat 2000; Leslie and Brunton 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Leslie and Brunton 2013)
Three or more authors: (Ortlund et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology Operation Management
ISSN (print)	0974-8091
ISSN (online)	2249-2364
Scope