How to format your references using the Telecommunication Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Telecommunication Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nielsen, R. (2006). Evolution. Why sex? Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5763), 960–961.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freeman, M. R., & Choi, B. C. (2001). Advances in magnetic microscopy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5546), 1484–1488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huey, R. B., Losos, J. B., & Moritz, C. (2010). Ecology. Are lizards toast? Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5980), 832–833.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhang, C., Wong, A., Zhang, Y., Ni, X., & Li, X. (2014). Common and unique cis-acting elements mediate xanthotoxin and flavone induction of the generalist P450 CYP321A1. Scientific reports, 4, 6490.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lavagnini, I., Magno, F., Seraglia, R., & Traldi, P. (2006). Quantitative Applications of Mass Spectrometry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kihl, L. A. (2016). Gender Politics in US College Athletic Departments: The Case of the University of Minnesota Merger. (V. D. Schull & S. Shaw, Eds.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Bae, K., & Ölveczky, P. C. (2015). Hybrid Multirate PALS. In N. Martí-Oliet, P. C. Ölveczky, & C. Talcott (Eds.), Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency: Essays Dedicated to José Meseguer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday (pp. 114–134). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Telecommunication Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 7). Here’s What The Night Sky Would Look Like If We Could See Every Asteroid. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/space/awesome-interactive-video-shows-what-we-would-see-if-we-could-see-every-asteroid-night-sky/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). General Aviation: Security Assessments at Selected Airports (No. GAO-11-298). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dao, L.-A. T. (2017). Comparison of peripherally inserted intravenous catheter complication prevalence: Before and after changing a 96-hour routine replacement standard (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J., & Maheshwari, S. (2017, May 14). Eyes Drift. Marketers Stick to TV. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Telecommunication Systems
Abbreviation	Telecommun. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1018-4864
ISSN (online)	1572-9451
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering