How to format your references using the The AAPS Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The AAPS Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smith C. A whole picture. Nature. 2003;422:345.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Veronin MA, Youan B-BC. Medicine. Magic bullet gone astray: medications and the Internet. Science. 2004;305:481.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Discher DE, Janmey P, Wang Y-L. Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate. Science. 2005;310:1139–43.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Levine JA, Weisell R, Chevassus S, Martinez CD, Burlingame B, Coward WA. The work burden of women. Science. 2001;294:812.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Peterson RL, Murtha FF. MarketPsych. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Dym H, Kaashoek MA, Lancaster P, Langer H, Lerer L, editors. A Panorama of Modern Operator Theory and Related Topics: The Israel Gohberg Memorial Volume. Basel: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Seanosky J, Jacques D, Kumar V, Kinshuk. Security and Privacy in Bigdata Learning Analytics. In: Vijayakumar V, Neelanarayanan V, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Big Data and Cloud Computing Challenges (ISBCC – 16’). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 43–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The AAPS Journal.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Women Who Have Children Older, Live Longer [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/women-who-have-children-older-live-longer/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. ADP Standards: Army Cancels Restrictive 3-Tier Architecture Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 May. Report No.: IMTEC-88-13.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kerr AB. Exploring relationship awareness in organizational change using the Strength Deployment Inventory [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Mets Thank Troops In a Meaningful Setting. New York Times. 2011 May 4;B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The AAPS Journal
Abbreviation	AAPS J.
ISSN (online)	1550-7416
Scope