How to format your references using the The American Journal of Dermatopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of Dermatopathology (AJD). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wightman RM. Detection technologies. Probing cellular chemistry in biological systems with microelectrodes. Science. 2006;311:1570–1574.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bannard OM, Cyster JG. Immunology. When less signaling is more. Science. 2012;336:1120–1121.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fujisawa K, Wrana JL, Culotti JG. The slit receptor EVA-1 coactivates a SAX-3/Robo mediated guidance signal in C. elegans. Science. 2007;317:1934–1938.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Levitsky KL, Toledo-Aral JJ, López-Barneo J, et al. Direct confocal acquisition of fluorescence from X-gal staining on thick tissue sections. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2937.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Costa PJ. Applied Mathematics for the Analysis of Biomedical Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Piccolo A, ed. Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Innovative Methods. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang T, Zhang Y, Yu H, et al. Key Technologies. In: Wang T, Zhang Y, Yu H, et al., eds. Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012:31–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of Dermatopathology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Gene That Sends Roots Downwards Could Save Barley From Drought.IFLScience. November 3, 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/root-architecture-gene-could-save-barley-drought-0/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Policy: Refund Offset Program Benefits Appear to Exceed Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Verderame N. An educational curriculum for registered dietitians to educate obese patients on the nutrition approach for stress management. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly S. CHILDREN’S BOOKS. New York Times. March 9, 2003:724.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of Dermatopathology
ISSN (print)	0193-1091
ISSN (online)	1533-0311
Scope