How to format your references using the The Annals of Probability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Probability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Grant, P. M. (2000). Superconductivity. Currents without borders. Nature 407 139–41.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Madix, R. J. and Friend, C. M. (2011). Interfacial chemistry: gold’s enigmatic surface. Nature 479 482–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Batista, C. A. S., Larson, R. G. and Kotov, N. A. (2015). Nonadditivity of nanoparticle interactions. Science 350 1242477.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Wu, Q.-S., Cao, M.-Q., Zou, Y.-N. and He, X.-H. (2014). Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange. Sci. Rep. 4 5823.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Borgen, U. J. and Nakrem, H. A. (2016). Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Coen, S. (2012). Mathematicians in Bologna 1861–1960. Springer, Basel.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Shi, Z. (2008). Application of First Principles Methods in the Study of Fuel Cell Air-Cathode Electrocatalysis. In PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers: Fundamentals and Applications (J. Zhang, ed) pp 289–329. Springer, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Probability.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews, R. (2016). 48 New Volcanoes Have Been Found On Jupiter’s Moon Io.IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Intermodal Freight Transportation: Combined Rail-Truck Service Offers Public Benefits, but Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Valdez, K. (2015). Taking a closer look at the mental health services act of 2004: A policy analysis. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse, L. (2007). Guantánamo Detainees Enjoy Historic Protections, Administration Says. New York Times A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Probability
ISSN (print)	0091-1798
ISSN (online)	2168-894X
Scope