How to format your references using the The Annals of Regional Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Regional Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Astin C (2009) Helping young scientists to speak for themselves. Nature 460:683

A journal article with 2 authors

Oda Y, Fukuda H (2012) Initiation of cell wall pattern by a Rho- and microtubule-driven symmetry breaking. Science 337:1333–1336

A journal article with 3 authors

Hoeppner DJ, Hengartner MO, Schnabel R (2001) Engulfment genes cooperate with ced-3 to promote cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 412:202–206

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang Z, Wang J, Li M, et al (2014) Three-dimensional printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene framework coated with Cu-BTC metal-organic frameworks for the removal of methylene blue. Sci Rep 4:5939

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bottomley GE (2011) Channel Equalization for Wireless Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Luisi PL, Stano P (eds) (2011) The Minimal Cell: The Biophysics of Cell Compartment and the Origin of Cell Functionality. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

de Oliveira AMP, Barbosa JC (2013) Mathematical Modelling, Mathematical Content and Tensions in Discourses. In: Stillman GA, Kaiser G, Blum W, Brown JP (eds) Teaching Mathematical Modelling: Connecting to Research and Practice. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–76

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Regional Science.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) World’s Oldest Water Discovered 3 Kilometers Underground. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/worlds-oldest-water-discovered-3-kilometers-underground/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Highway Needs: An Evaluation of DOT’s Process for Assessing the Nation’s Highway Needs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez Gamez LI (2012) New perspectives on the spatial analysis of urban employment distribution and commuting patterns: The cases of Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) Zverev and Konta Lose In French Open Upsets. New York Times B10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Astin 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Astin 2009; Oda and Fukuda 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Oda and Fukuda 2012)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Regional Science
Abbreviation	Ann. Reg. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0570-1864
ISSN (online)	1432-0592
Scope	General Environmental Science General Social Sciences