How to format your references using the The Annals of Statistics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Statistics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik, P. (2005). A global view. Nature 435 997.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kai, L. and Kaldenhoff, R. (2014). A refined model of water and CO₂ membrane diffusion: effects and contribution of sterols and proteins. Sci. Rep. 4 6665.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Haskell, J. P., Ritchie, M. E. and Olff, H. (2002). Fractal geometry predicts varying body size scaling relationships for mammal and bird home ranges. Nature 418 527–30.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Lentink, D., Dickson, W. B., van Leeuwen, J. L. and Dickinson, M. H. (2009). Leading-edge vortices elevate lift of autorotating plant seeds. Science 324 1438–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Allsopp, W. (2017). Advanced Penetration Testing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.

An edited book

[1]

Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F. (2007). Conjoint Measurement: Methods and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lohmann, N. and Wolf, K. (2014). From Artifacts to Activities. In Web Services Foundations (A. Bouguettaya, Q. Z. Sheng and F. Daniel, ed) pp 109–35. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Statistics.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton, K. (2015). This Nonstick, No Waste Coating Is Sliding Into The Marketplace.IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/technology/nonstick-no-waste-coating-sliding-marketplace/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak Needs to Improve Its Decisionmaking Process for Its Route and Service Proposals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Stevenson, C. L. (2008). Availability and seasonal use of diurnal roosts by Rafinesque’s big-eared bat and southeastern myotis in bottomland hardwoods of Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Southall, A. and Schweber, N. (2016). Robbery Suspect Trying to Hide During Roundup Falls to His Death. New York Times A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Statistics
ISSN (print)	0090-5364
ISSN (online)	2168-8966
Scope