How to format your references using the The Annals of Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ludvigsson JF. Recruiters and academia. Hard times for Swedish physician-researchers. Nature 2005;434:542.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Weis VM, Allemand D. Physiology. What determines coral health? Science 2009;324:1153–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Reiner SL, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Division of labor with a workforce of one: challenges in specifying effector and memory T cell fate. Science 2007;317:622–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Blisniuk PM, Hacker BR, Glodny J, Ratschbacher L, Bi S, Wu Z, et al. Normal faulting in central Tibet since at least 13.5 Myr ago. Nature 2001;412:628–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bosq D, Blanke D. Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions: Bosq/Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Krupnik I, Aporta C, Gearheard S, Laidler GJ, Kielsen Holm L, editors. SIKU: Knowing Our Ice: Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Millot D, Parrot C. Setting up Clusters of Computing Units to Process Several Data Streams Efficiently. In: Wyrzykowski R, Dongarra J, Karczewski K, Waśniewski J, editors. Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics: 10th International Conference, PPAM 2013, Warsaw, Poland, September 8-11, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Part II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 49–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Superconducting Shield Could Protect Astronauts From Radiation. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Motor Carrier Safety: Additional Research Standards and Truck Drivers’ Schedule Data Could Allow More Accurate Assessments of the Hours of Service Rule. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hayes MG. A qualitative case study of cultural competency among Advanced Placement teachers in Florida. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly TA. Solutions to the Urban Crisis. New York Times 1978:New Jersey WeeklyNJ26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Thorac. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4975
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery