How to format your references using the The Holocene citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Holocene. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leith W (2004) Geology. Building for earthquakes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 304(5677): 1604.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bonnet R-M and Bleeker JAM (2011) Astrophysics. A dark age for space astronomy? Science (New York, N.Y.) 333(6039): 161–162.

A journal article with 3 authors

Silvarolla MB, Mazzafera P and Fazuoli LC (2004) Plant biochemistry: a naturally decaffeinated arabica coffee. Nature 429(6994): 826.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang R, Xu Y, Wen B, Sheng N and Fang H (2014) Enhanced permeation of a hydrophobic fluid through particles with hydrophobic and hydrophilic patterned surfaces. Scientific reports 4: 5738.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hites RA and Raff JD (2012) Elements of Environmental Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hutter K (2011) Physics of Lakes: Volume 2: Lakes as Oscillators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Murphy KR (2015) Physical Abilities. In: Hanvey C and Sady K (eds) Practitioner’s Guide to Legal Issues in Organizations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 111–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Holocene.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Titanium Dioxide Roofs Could Fight Air Pollution. IFLScience. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/titanium-dioxide-roofs-could-fight-air-pollution/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Federal Aviation Administration: Efforts to Hire, Staff, and Train Air Traffic Controllers Are Generally on Track, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kulavuz-Onal D (2013) English Language Teachers’ Learning to Teach with Technology through Participation in an Online Community of Practice: A Netnography of Webheads in Action. Doctoral dissertation, Tampa, FL, University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2008) Over Guantánamo, Justices Come Under Election-Year Spotlight. New York Times, 14 June, page A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Leith, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bonnet and Bleeker, 2011; Leith, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bonnet and Bleeker, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Holocene
Abbreviation	Holocene
ISSN (print)	0959-6836
ISSN (online)	1477-0911
Scope	Archaeology Earth-Surface Processes Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change