How to format your references using the The Internet and Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Internet and Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crow, J. M. (2012). Obesity: insensitive issue. Nature, 486(7403), S12-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Becks, L., & Agrawal, A. F. (2010). Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Nature, 468(7320), 89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, P., Wang, J., & Shi, Y. (2010). Structure and mechanism of the S component of a bacterial ECF transporter. Nature, 468(7324), 717–720.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ding, Z., Quinn, B. M., Haram, S. K., Pell, L. E., Korgel, B. A., & Bard, A. J. (2002). Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence from silicon nanocrystal quantum dots. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1293–1297.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Parker, D. (2016). International Valuation Standards. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Scarpas, A., Kringos, N., Al-Qadi, I., & A., L. (Eds.). (2012). 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements: Mechanisms, Modeling, Testing, Detection and Prevention Case Histories (Vol. 4). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gan, L., Yin, Z., Jia, N., Xu, S., Ma, S., & Zheng, L. (2014). Household Financial Assets. In Z. Yin, N. Jia, S. Xu, S. Ma, & L. Zheng (Eds.), Data you need to know about China: Research Report of China Household Finance Survey•2012 (pp. 95–132). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Internet and Higher Education.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, June 24). Scientists Unleash Full Einstein Equations To Model The Universe. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-unleash-full-einstein-equations-to-model-the-universe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Early Learning and Child Care: Federal Funds Support Multiple Programs with Similar Goals (GAO-14-325T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rangwala, R. (2005). The Role of the PDZ Protein, Erbin, in Schwann Cells [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, September 25). Cardi B Knocks Swift Out of the No. 1 Spot. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crow, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Becks & Agrawal, 2010; Crow, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Becks & Agrawal, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Ding et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Internet and Higher Education
Abbreviation	Internet High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1096-7516
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Education