How to format your references using the The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zaanen, Jan. 2007. “Physics. Watching Rush Hour in the World of Electrons.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315 (5817): 1372–1373.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hofmann, H. A., and P. A. Stevenson. 2000. “Flight Restores Fight in Crickets.” Nature 403 (6770): 613.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Jie, Lei Sheng, and Jing Liu. 2014. “Synthetically Chemical-Electrical Mechanism for Controlling Large Scale Reversible Deformation of Liquid Metal Objects.” Scientific Reports 4 (November 2014): 7116.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Shankaran, V., H. Ikeda, A. T. Bruce, J. M. White, P. E. Swanson, L. J. Old, and R. D. Schreiber. 2001. “IFNgamma and Lymphocytes Prevent Primary Tumour Development and Shape Tumour Immunogenicity.” Nature 410 (6832): 1107–1111.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stein, Paul D. 2016. Pulmonary Embolism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Chuang, T-J, P. M. Anderson, M-K Wu, and S. Hsieh, eds. 2006. Nanomechanics of Materials and Structures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Bjerring, Peter, and Kaare Christiansen. 2011. “Facial Rejuvenation and Other Clinical Applications of Intense Pulsed Light.” In Laser and IPL Technology in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine, edited by Christian Raulin and Syrus Karsai, 61–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Dark Grape Compound May Help The Body Burn Fat.” IFLScience, IFLScience, February 11. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/dark-grape-compound-may-help-body-burn-fat/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001. NASA: Status of Plans for Achieving Key Outcomes and Addressing Major Management Challenges. GAO-02-184. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green, Rachel E. 2010. “From Hart to Hammerstein: The Music of Richard Rodgers and His Evolution toward the Integrated Musical.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, Susan. 2015. “Seven Museums, Each Offering a Deadly Sin.” New York Times, May 10, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zaanen 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Zaanen 2007; Hofmann and Stevenson 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hofmann and Stevenson 2000)
Three authors: (Zhang, Sheng, and Liu 2014)
4 or more authors: (Shankaran et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
ISSN (print)	1389-224X
ISSN (online)	1750-8622
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Education Geography, Planning and Development