How to format your references using the The Journal of Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Rosenlof KH. Atmospheric science. How water enters the stratosphere. Science 2003;302:1691–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Dye C, Gay N. Epidemiology. Modeling the SARS epidemic. Science 2003;300:1884–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Freckleton RP, Sutherland WJ, Watkinson AR. Ecology. Deciding the future of GM crops in Europe. Science 2003;302:994–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liphardt J, Dumont S, Smith SB, Tinoco I Jr, Bustamante C. Equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements in an experimental test of Jarzynski’s equality. Science 2002;296:1832–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bilbao S. Wave and Scattering Methods for Numerical Simulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Lugmayr A, editor. Enterprise Applications and Services in the Finance Industry: 7th International Workshop, FinanceCom 2014, Sydney, Australia, December 2014, Revised Papers. vol. 217. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Guccio C, Martorana MF, Mazza I, Rizzo I. Technology and Public Access to Cultural Heritage: The Italian Experience on ICT for Public Historical Archives. In: Borowiecki KJ, Forbes N, Fresa A, editors. Cultural Heritage in a Changing World, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 55–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Corn’s Surprisingly Complicated Voyage Into the American Southwest. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/corns-surprisingly-complicated-voyage-american-southwest/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Public Transportation: Federal Role Key to Rural and Tribal Transit. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hendry M. The Lonely Nineteenth Century: Loneliness and the Female Protagonist in the Victorian Novel. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barron J. Keeping Historic, but Expensive, Fixer-Uppers Affordable. New York Times 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	J. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	0883-5403
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine