How to format your references using the The Journal of Pharmacy Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Pharmacy Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitelegge J. Structural biology. Up close with membrane lipid-protein complexes. Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):320–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schoenemann B, Clarkson ENK. Discovery of some 400 million year-old sensory structures in the compound eyes of trilobites. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1429.

A journal article with 3 authors

Samet JM, DeMarini DM, Malling HV. Biomedicine. Do airborne particles induce heritable mutations? Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):971–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chang C, Holtzman DA, Chau S, Chickering T, Woolf EA, Holmgren LM, et al. Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist. Nature. 2001 Mar 22;410(6827):483–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd K. Measuring Market Risk. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Sheppard B. School District Leadership Matters. Brown J, Dibbon D, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. X, 144 p. (Studies In Educational Leadership; vol. 8).

A chapter in an edited book

Choi MKT, Chan KB. Invitation to the QQ World. In: Chan KB, editor. Online Dating as A Strategic Game: Why and How Men in Hong Kong Use QQ to Chase Women in Mainland China. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 77–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Pharmacy Technology.

Blog post

Andrews R. World’s Largest Exposed Fault Covers Area Twice The Size Of Belgium [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/worlds-largest-exposed-fault-twice-size-belgium/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Sep. Report No.: AA-97-18(3).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miramontes AJ. Examining eye fixation patterns during the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM) under varying levels of workload [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Hey, Modernity, They’re Just Not Into You. New York Times. 2017 Jul 23;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Pharmacy Technology
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Technol.
ISSN (print)	8755-1225
ISSN (online)	1549-4810
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science