How to format your references using the The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel G. Powerful incentives. Nature. 2007 Aug 16;448(7155):741.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen G, Yanofsky C. Tandem transcription and translation regulatory sensing of uncharged tryptophan tRNA. Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):211–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hovenden MJ, Newton PCD, Wills KE. Seasonal not annual rainfall determines grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. Nature. 2014 Jul 31;511(7511):583–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Subarya C, Chlieh M, Prawirodirdjo L, Avouac JP, Bock Y, Sieh K, et al. Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Nature. 2006 Mar 2;440(7080):46–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown BL, Hendrix SB, Hedges DW, Smith TB. Multivariate Analysis for the Biobehavioral and Social Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Juang J, Huang YC, editors. Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. XXII, 1065 p. 650 illus., 19 illus. in color. (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; vol. 234).

A chapter in an edited book

Demoor T, Fiems D, Walraevens J, Bruneel H. The Preemptive Repeat Hybrid Server Interruption Model. In: Al-Begain K, Fiems D, Knottenbelt WJ, editors. Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications: 17th International Conference, ASMTA 2010, Cardiff, UK, June 14-16, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 59–71. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.

Blog post

Hale T. Is This The World’s Oldest Melody? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/is-this-the-worlds-oldest-melody/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Education: The Eisenhower Math and Science State Grant Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Nov. Report No.: HRD-93-25.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell JE. Menasha Litigation: Wake-Up Call or Just A False Alarm [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dargis M. Amy Adams. New York Times. 2017 Oct 16;M2169.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Abbreviation	J. Prosthet. Dent.
ISSN (print)	0022-3913
ISSN (online)	1097-6841
Scope	Oral Surgery