How to format your references using the The Journal of Roman Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Roman Studies (JRS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Colman, S. M. 2002: ‘Paleoclimate. A fresh look at glacial floods’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 296, 1251–1252.

A journal article with 2 authors

Solomon, T. H., and Mezić, I. 2003: ‘Uniform resonant chaotic mixing in fluid flows’, Nature 425, 376–380.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shelby, R. A., Smith, D. R., and Schultz, S. 2001: ‘Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 292, 77–79.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Koçer, A., Walko, M., Meijberg, W., and Feringa, B. L. 2005: ‘A light-actuated nanovalve derived from a channel protein’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 309, 755–758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety 2007: Guidelines for Performing Effective Pre-Startup Safety Reviews, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

de Freitas, E. 2016: Alternative Theoretical Frameworks for Mathematics Education Research: Theory Meets Data, M. Walshaw (ed.), Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Brinkmann, M., Khare, K., and Seemann, R. 2007: ‘Control of Liquids by Surface Energies’, in S. Hardt and F. Schönfeld (eds), Microfluidic Technologies for Miniaturized Analysis Systems, Boston, MA, 157–202.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Roman Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2017: ‘Giant Craters Created By Enormous Seafloor Methane Explosions From The Last Ice Age’, IFLScience. Available from <https://www.iflscience.com/environment/giant-craters-created-by-enormous-seafloor-methane-explosions-from-the-last-ice-age/>. . Accessed30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1989: High-Definition Television: Applications for This New Technology, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boyer, G. C. 2012: ‘Best Practices for Student Success on the ACT’, Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. 2008: ‘Kept From TV, Report on Moscow Finds an Audience’, New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Roman Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rom. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0075-4358
ISSN (online)	1753-528X
Scope	History Archaeology Classics Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts