How to format your references using the The Journal of the American Dental Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the American Dental Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bender ML. OCEANOGRAPHY: Tracer from the Sky. Science. 2000;288(5473):1977-1978.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberts L, Travis J. Mysteries of the brain. Science. 2012;338(6103):30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sousa T, Marques GM, Domingos T. Comment on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science. 2009;325(5945):1206; author reply 1206.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Asahi R, Morikawa T, Ohwaki T, Aoki K, Taga Y. Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science. 2001;293(5528):269-271.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sierra MA, de la Torre MC, Cossío FP. More Dead Ends and Detours. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Bringa T, Toje H, eds. Eurasian Borderlands: Spatializing Borders in the Aftermath of State Collapse. Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bruckner S, Hüffner F, Komusiewicz C, Niedermeier R, Thiel S, Uhlmann J. Partitioning into Colorful Components by Minimum Edge Deletions. In: Kärkkäinen J, Stoye J, eds. Combinatorial Pattern Matching: 23rd Annual Symposium, CPM 2012, Helsinki, Finland, July 3-5, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2012:56-69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the American Dental Association.

Blog post

Fang J. Southern California Mite is the Fastest Animal on Earth. IFLScience. April 30, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/southern-california-mite-fastest-animal-earth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Actions Underway To Reduce Delinquencies in the Health Professions and Nursing Student Loan Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kyereboah R. Criteria For Appointing Board Members to Corporate Boards in Ghana. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. An Animal Sanctuary Is Under Pressure to Move. New York Times. August 19, 2006:LI10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the American Dental Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Dent. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0002-8177
Scope	General Dentistry