How to format your references using the The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vanclay, J. K. 2001. The effectiveness of parks. Science 293:1007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huber, M., and R. Caballero. 2003. Eocene El Niño: evidence for robust tropical dynamics in the “hothouse.” Science 299:877–881.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rojstaczer, S., S. M. Sterling, and N. J. Moore. 2001. Human appropriation of photosynthesis products. Science 294:2549–2552.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Benhar, M., M. T. Forrester, D. T. Hess, and J. S. Stamler. 2008. Regulated protein denitrosylation by cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxins. Science 320:1050–1054.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hetherington, S. 2011. How to Know. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Bini, C., and J. Bech (Eds.). 2014. PHEs, Environment and Human Health: Potentially harmful elements in the environment and the impact on human health. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Coats, B., and S. Acharya. 2013. Achieving Electronic Health Record Access from the Cloud. Pages 26–35 In M. Kurosu [ed.], Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services: 15th International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society.

Blog post

Davis, J. 2017, February 14. “Superspreaders” Caused Almost Two-Thirds Of Ebola Cases In Recent Outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/superspreaders-caused-almost-twothirds-of-ebola-cases-in-recent-outbreak/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. Highway Trust Fund: Pilot Program Could Help Determine the Viability of Mileage Fees for Certain Vehicles. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mohajer, R. 2012. A transcendental approach to John Coltrane: applying concepts of spirituality to Giant Steps into the Cosmos. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Giordano, M. A., and A. M. Phillips. 2011, December 3. Mayor Hits Nerve in Remarks On Class Sizes and Teachers. New York Times:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vanclay 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Huber and Caballero 2003, Vanclay 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huber and Caballero 2003)
Three or more authors: (Benhar et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
Abbreviation	J. Torrey Bot. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1095-5674
ISSN (online)	1940-0616
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science Ecology