How to format your references using the The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (JTACS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crow JM. Insomnia: chasing the dream. Nature. 2013;497(7450):S16-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim BH, Kwon JW. Metal catalyst for low-temperature growth of controlled zinc oxide nanowires on arbitrary substrates. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4379.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bressan M, Liu G, Mikawa T. Early mesodermal cues assign avian cardiac pacemaker fate potential in a tertiary heart field. Science. 2013;340(6133):744-748.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Narita M, Young ARJ, Arakawa S, Samarajiwa SA, Nakashima T, Yoshida S, et al. Spatial coupling of mTOR and autophagy augments secretory phenotypes. Science. 2011;332(6032):966-970.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rangarao KV, Mallik RK. Digital Signal Processing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Anson J, Luy M, eds. Mortality in an International Perspective. Vol 18. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Alam T, Lee PS, Jin L-W. Optimization of Microgap Channel Dimension and Operating Condition. In: Lee PS, Jin L, eds. Flow Boiling in Microgap Channels: Experiment, Visualization and Analysis. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.

Blog post

Luntz S. Sleep In To Stay Healthy. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sleep-stay-healthy/. Published September 2, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Computerized Hospital Medical Information Systems Need Further Evaluation To Ensure Benefits From Huge Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980. Published November 18, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moran JA. Investigating the circumstellar environments of young stars with the PROMPT polarimeter. 2009. Published 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. SAILING. New York Times. June 8, 2008:LI8. Published June 8, 2008.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
ISSN (print)	2163-0755
ISSN (online)	2163-0763
Scope