How to format your references using the The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nosonovsky, M. 2011. Materials science: slippery when wetted. Nature. 477: 412–413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Senn, D. B. and Hemond, H. F. 2002. Nitrate controls on iron and arsenic in an urban lake. Science. 296: 2373–2376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Faehnle, C. R., Walleshauser, J. and Joshua-Tor, L. 2014. Mechanism of Dis3l2 substrate recognition in the Lin28-let-7 pathway. Nature. 514: 252–256.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wing, S. L., Harrington, G. J., Smith, F. A., Bloch, J. I., Boyer, D. M. and Freeman, K. H. 2005. Transient floral change and rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. Science. 310: 993–996.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Connor, D. 2009. God, Evil, and Design, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK.

An edited book

2016. Theory and Practice of Formal Methods: Essays Dedicated to Frank de Boer on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Jia, K. and Levine, B. 2010. Autophagy and Longevity: Lessons from C. elegans. pp. 47–60. In: Protein Metabolism and Homeostasis in Aging, (Tavernarakis, Nektarios eds.) Springer US, Boston, MA.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.

Blog post

Andrew, D. These Doomsday Shelters For The 1% Make Up The Largest Private Bunker Community On Earth. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/these-doomsday-shelters-for-the-1-make-up-the-largest-private-bunker-community-on-earth/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Strategic Airlift: Improvements in C-5 Mission Capability Can Help Meet Airlift Requirements.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ward, S. Historiography, prophecy, and literature: “Divina retribución” and its underlying ideological agenda.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M. Broadway at Midnight: ‘A Doll’s House, Part 2.’

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4–6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
ISSN (print)	0916-7250
ISSN (online)	1347-7439
Scope