How to format your references using the The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Shareholder sues Celera over loss. Nature. 2000;405(6782):3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Levitas VI, Attariani H. Anisotropic compositional expansion and chemical potential for amorphous lithiated silicon under stress tensor. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1615.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duderstadt KE, Chuang K, Berger JM. DNA stretching by bacterial initiators promotes replication origin opening. Nature. 2011;478(7368):209-213.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee J, Dak P, Lee Y, et al. Two-dimensional layered MoS₂ biosensors enable highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin W, Jin-Ting Z. Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006. ISBN:9780470009673.

An edited book

Ganghoffer J-F, Pastrone F, eds. Mechanics of Microstructured Solids 2: Cellular Materials, Fibre Reinforced Solids and Soft Tissues. Vol 50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. ISBN:9783642051708.

A chapter in an edited book

Mohamad Said MNH, Yahaya N, Abdullah Z, Atan NA, Zaid NM. The Nature of Student Group Online Interactions in Learning ICT Education. In: Luaran JE, Sardi J, Aziz A, Alias NA, eds. Envisioning the Future of Online Learning: Selected Papers from the International Conference on e-Learning 2015. Singapore: Springer; 2016:31-51. ISBN:9789811009525.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Injured Sea Turtle Gets A 3D-Printed Jaw. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/injured-sea-turtle-gets-modern-mouth-3d-printed-jaw/. Published May 18, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information on Organization and Functions of the Indian Education Resources Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Couch HC. Providers’ Acceptance of Smartphone Applications as a Supportive Strategy for Adolescent Asthma. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Residents Banish a Coffee Cart, Amid Cries of Uncaring Elitism. New York Times. January 21, 2001:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
Scope	Ageing Geriatrics and Gerontology