How to format your references using the The National Medical Journal of India citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The National Medical Journal of India. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stickgold R. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature 2005;437:1272–78.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norio P, Schildkraut CL. Visualization of DNA replication on individual Epstein-Barr virus episomes. Science 2001;294:2361–64.

A journal article with 3 authors

McPhaden MJ, Zebiak SE, Glantz MH. ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science 2006;314:1740–45.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kang C, Ye H, Chia J, Choi B-H, Dhe-Paganon S, Simon B, et al. Functional role of the flexible N-terminal extension of FKBP38 in catalysis. Sci Rep 2013;3:2985.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown BL, Hendrix SB, Hedges DW, Smith TB. Multivariate Analysis for the Biobehavioral and Social Sciences. Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Javidi B, Fournel T, editors. Information Optics and Photonics: Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. New York, NY:Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Jones CB. Understanding Programming Language Concepts Via Operational Semantics. In: George CW, Liu Z, Woodcock J (eds.). Domain Modeling and the Duration Calculus: International Training School, Shanghai, China, September 17-21. 2007, Advanced Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer; 2007:177–235.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The National Medical Journal of India.

Blog post

Andrew D. People With Autism Make More Logical Decisions. IFLScience. 2016; published online Oct 14. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/brain/people-with-autism-make-more-logical-decisions/ (accessed on 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Compensatory Education: Chapter 1 Services Provided to Private Sectarian School Students. Washington, DC:U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wirtz Y. Strain Variation between the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Southern Santa Maria Basin, California, USA: Implications for Structural Assessment of Fold and Thrust Belts. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McWHORTER J. How to Listen to Donald Trump Every Day for Years. New York Times. 2017;:SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The National Medical Journal of India
Abbreviation	Natl. Med. J. India
ISSN (print)	0970-258X
Scope	General Medicine