How to format your references using the The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cowburn RP. Applied physics. Where have all the transistors gone? Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):183–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kourra CMBK, Cramer N. Catalysis: Gold unleashes the power of three. Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):440–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nicoll RA, Tomita S, Bredt DS. Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1253–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Berns GS, Chappelow J, Cekic M, Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Martin-Skurski ME. Neurobiological substrates of dread. Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):754–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Minoli D. IP Multicast with Applications to IPTV and Mobile DVB-H. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Hospers GJ. Managing Population Decline in Europe’s Urban and Rural Areas. Reverda N, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. IX, 88 p. 10 illus. (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies).

A chapter in an edited book

Lachapelle JM, Goossens A. Photopatch Testing. In: Maibach HI, Ring J, Darsow U, Rustemeyer T, editors. Patch Testing and Prick Testing: A Practical Guide Official Publication of the ICDRG. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 83–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. Why Save A Computer Virus?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Federal Government Making Progress But Critical Issues Must Still Be Addressed to Minimize Disruptions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Apr. Report No.: T-AIMD-99-144.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jones JD. Parental attachment style: Links with parent and adolescent perceptions of parenting and observed secure base behaviors [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Deadly, Stylish Comfort. New York Times. 2017 Apr 18;C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine
ISSN (print)	1998-037X
ISSN (online)	1817-5562
Scope