How to format your references using the Theory and Decision citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theory and Decision. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Naeem, S. (2008). Ecology. Green with complexity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5865), 913–914.

A journal article with 2 authors

Portegies Zwart, S. F., & van den Heuvel, E. P. J. (2007). A runaway collision in a young star cluster as the origin of the brightest supernova. Nature, 450(7168), 388–389.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kirchner, J. W., Feng, X., & Neal, C. (2000). Fractal stream chemistry and its implications for contaminant transport in catchments. Nature, 403(6769), 524–527.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kim, E., Kyhm, J., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. Y., Ko, D.-H., Han, I. K., & Ko, H. (2013). White light emission from polystyrene under pulsed ultra violet laser irradiation. Scientific reports, 3, 3253.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saleh, S. A., & Rahman, M. A. (2010). An Introduction to Wavelet Modulated Inverters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Eismont, P., & Konstantinova, N. (Eds.). (2015). Language, Music, and Computing: First International Workshop, LMAC 2015, St. Petersburg, Russia, April 20-22, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 561). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Tracqui, P., Namy, P., & Ohayon, J. (2007). In Vitro Tubulogenesis of Endothelial Cells: Analysis of a Bifurcation Process Controlled by a Mechanical Switch. In A. Deutsch, L. Brusch, H. Byrne, G. de Vries, & H. Herzel (Eds.), Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Volume I: Cellular Biophysics, Regulatory Networks, Development, Biomedicine, and Data Analysis (pp. 47–57). Boston, MA: Birkhäuser.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theory and Decision.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, June 15). Evidence For Explosive Volcanism On Mars May Rewrite Its Ancient History. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/evidence-for-explosive-volcanism-on-mars-may-rewrite-its-ancient-history/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). ADP Planning: SSA’s February 1989 Report on Computer Modernization Is Incomplete (No. IMTEC-89-76). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gowda, V. (2009). Pollination biology and inter-island geographical variation in the mutualistic Heliconia (Heliconiaceae)-hummingbird (Trochilidae) interaction of the Eastern Caribbean Islands (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2005, July 1). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Long Sentences For Killers Of Liberal Lawmaker. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Naeem 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Naeem 2008; Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel 2007)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theory and Decision
Abbreviation	Theory Decis.
ISSN (print)	0040-5833
ISSN (online)	1573-7187
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Computer Science Applications General Decision Sciences General Economics, Econometrics and Finance Applied Psychology Developmental and Educational Psychology General Social Sciences