How to format your references using the Theranostics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theranostics (THNO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Doebley J. Plant science. Unfallen grains: how ancient farmers turned weeds into crops. Science. 2006; 312: 1318–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith ZR, Long JA. Control of Arabidopsis apical-basal embryo polarity by antagonistic transcription factors. Nature. 2010; 464: 423–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parker JD, Burkepile DE, Hay ME. Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions. Science. 2006; 311: 1459–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu J, Xu J, Liu B, et al. Chromatin analysis in human early development reveals epigenetic transition during ZGA. Nature. 2018; 557: 256–60.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Girling P. Operational Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Nicosevici T. Efficient 3D Scene Modeling and Mosaicing. Garcia R, Ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics; vol. 87).

A chapter in an edited book

Dorfs D, Eychmüller A. Multishell semiconductor nanocrystals. In: Rogach AL, Ed. Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Assembly, Spectroscopy and Applications. Vienna: Springer; 2008: 101–17.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theranostics.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Solar Superflares Might Be Responsible For Life On Earth [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 30 October 2018]. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/superflare-might-be-responsible-life-earth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Biological Research: Observations on DHS’s Analyses Concerning Whether FMD Research Can Be Done as Safely on the Mainland as on Plum Island. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Jul. Report No.: GAO-09-747.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith JA. Functional analysis of ESAT-6 and EspB, two virulence proteins secreted by the ESX-1 system in Mycobacterium marinum [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K, Eder S. Trump Adviser Tied to Goldman to Sell Chinese Bank Stake. New York Times. 2017; B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Theranostics
ISSN (online)	1838-7640
Scope