How to format your references using the Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

COHEN, J. (2002), The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 420, pp. 885–891.

A journal article with 2 authors

MILLAR, C.I. & N.L. STEPHENSON (2015), Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349, pp. 823–826.

A journal article with 3 authors

DING, W.W., F. MURRAY & T.E. STUART (2006), Gender differences in patenting in the academic life sciences. Science (New York, N.Y.) 313, pp. 665–667.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

KITAMURA, N., M. KITAHARA, M. SHOJI, Y. MIYOSHI, H. HASEGAWA, S. NAKAMURA, Y. KATOH, Y. SAITO, S. YOKOTA, D.J. GERSHMAN, A.F. VINAS, B.L. GILES, T.E. MOORE, W.R. PATERSON, C.J. POLLOCK, C.T. RUSSELL, R.J. STRANGEWAY, S.A. FUSELIER & J.L. BURCH (2018), Direct measurements of two-way wave-particle energy transfer in a collisionless space plasma. Science (New York, N.Y.) 361, pp. 1000–1003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

SHAMSUDDIN, M. (2016), Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

TRINDER, P., G.J. MICHAELSON & R. PEÑA, eds. (2005), 3145 Implementation of Functional Languages: 15th International Workshop, IFL 2003, Edinburgh, UK, September 8-11, 2003. Revised Papers. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

BRODA, S., S. CAVADAS, M. FERREIRA & N. MOREIRA (2015), Deciding Synchronous Kleene Algebra with Derivatives. In: F. Drewes, ed., Implementation and Application of Automata: 20th International Conference, CIAA 2015, Umeå, Sweden, August 18-21, 2015, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 49–62. Springer International Publishing: Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. (2015), Scientists Discover How A Single Mutation Can Cause Autism. IFLScience. Available at: <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientist-find-how-genetic-switch-likely-cause-autism/>. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE (1997), Medicare Transaction System: Success Depends Upon Correcting Critical Managerial and Technical Weaknesses. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DESAM, J.R. (2017), Effective Nodal Placement in Overlay Networks Using Complexity Theory. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

SASLOW, L. (2006), Grants Will Aid First-Time Home Buyers. New York Times p. LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cohen 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cohen 2002; Millar & Stephenson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Millar & Stephenson 2015)
Three or more authors: (Kitamura et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
Abbreviation	Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr.
ISSN (online)	1467-9663
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Geography, Planning and Development