How to format your references using the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quay, P., 2002. Climate change. Ups and downs of CO2 uptake. Science 298, 2344.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weatheritt, R.J., Babu, M.M., 2013. Evolution. The hidden codes that shape protein evolution. Science 342, 1325–1326.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hÿtch, M.J., Putaux, J.-L., Pénisson, J.-M., 2003. Measurement of the displacement field of dislocations to 0.03 A by electron microscopy. Nature 423, 270–273.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Duan, X., Kim, T., Han, L., Ma, J., Du, X., Zheng, W., 2013. Formation of alumina nanocapsules by high-energy-electron irradiation of Na-dawsonite nanorods. Sci. Rep. 3, 3218.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandrasekaran, S., 2016. Health, Safety, and Environmental Management in Offshore and Petroleum Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Fogelman, I., Gnanasegaran, G., Wall, H. van der (Eds.), 2012. Radionuclide and Hybrid Bone Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Naumov, A.D., Timokhina, N.I., Litvinchuk, A.V., Vereshchako, G.G., Khodosovskaya, A.M., Sushko, S.N., Kadukova, E.M., 2013. Radioprotective Properties of Selenomethionine with Methionine, Extracts from Basidium Fungi and Exogenous DNA, in: Pierce, G.N., Mizin, V.I., Omelchenko, A. (Eds.), Advanced Bioactive Compounds Countering the Effects of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Agents: Strategies to Counter Biological Damage, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 55–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. Wren Shows New Zealand Didn’t Entirely Drown [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wren-shows-new-zealand-didnt-entirely-drown/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Bureau of Indian Affairs Contracts for Automatic Data Processing Management Services, and for Development of a Management Information System at the Colorado River Indian Reservation (No. B-114868). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lai, J.-P., 2008. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) As A Molecular Target in Lung Epithelial Wound Repair and Protection (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. Cafe Borgia, Like Its Beat Heyday And Lucrezia Herself, Is History. New York Times 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Quay, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Quay, 2002; Weatheritt and Babu, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weatheritt and Babu, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Duan et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0041-008X
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology