How to format your references using the Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gross, D.J., 2010. The frontier physicist. Nature 467, S8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sprecher, S.G., Desplan, C., 2008. Switch of rhodopsin expression in terminally differentiated Drosophila sensory neurons. Nature 454, 533–537.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caron, J.-B., Morris, S.C., Cameron, C.B., 2013. Tubicolous enteropneusts from the Cambrian period. Nature 495, 503–506.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tian, Y., Stroppa, A., Chai, Y., Yan, L., Wang, S., Barone, P., Picozzi, S., Sun, Y., 2014. Cross coupling between electric and magnetic orders in a multiferroic metal-organic framework. Sci. Rep. 4, 6062.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rassool, G.H., 2010. Addiction for Nurses. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Psaraftis, H.N. (Ed.), 2016. Green Transportation Logistics: The Quest for Win-Win Solutions, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Raj, S.N.R., Mahapatra, M.K., 2009. On Measuring Productivity Growth in Indian Industry: Analysis of Organized and Unorganized Sector in Selected Major States, in: Lee, J.-D., Heshmati, A. (Eds.), Productivity, Efficiency, and Economic Growth in the Asia-Pacific Region, Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg, pp. 81–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Previous Sexual Partner’s Semen Can Influence Another Fly’s Offspring [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Student Loan Programs: Lower Interest Rates and Higher Loan Volume Have Increased Federal Consolidation Loan Costs (No. GAO-04-568T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brookman, D., 2009. Establishing context for referents in online chatroom conversations (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. All Wrapped Up in McQueen. New York Times E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gross, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gross, 2010; Sprecher and Desplan, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sprecher and Desplan, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Tian et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology
Abbreviation	Toxicology
ISSN (print)	0300-483X
Scope	Toxicology