How to format your references using the Toxicology in Vitro citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology in Vitro. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hillmyer, M.A., 2007. Materials science. Micelles made to order. Science 317, 604–605.

A journal article with 2 authors

Madin, J.S., Connolly, S.R., 2006. Ecological consequences of major hydrodynamic disturbances on coral reefs. Nature 444, 477–480.

A journal article with 3 authors

Knill, E., Laflamme, R., Milburn, G.J., 2001. A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics. Nature 409, 46–52.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fixler, J.B., Foster, G.T., McGuirk, J.M., Kasevich, M.A., 2007. Atom interferometer measurement of the newtonian constant of gravity. Science 315, 74–77.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godwin, W., 2013. International Construction Contracts. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

Bundschuh, M., 2008. The IT Measurement Compendium: Estimating and Benchmarking Success with Functional Size Measurement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Eadie, M.J., Vajda, F., 2016. Commonly Used Newer Antiepileptic Drugs, in: Vajda, F. (Ed.), Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy: A Guide for Prescribers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 67–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology in Vitro.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. What’s Happening When Our Joints Crack And Is It Bad? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010. Higher Education: Institutions’ Reported Data Collection Burden Is Higher Than Estimated but Can Be Reduced through Increased Coordination (No. GAO-10-871). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alaiyegbami, A.O., 2014. Porescale Investigation of Gas Shales Reservoir Description by Comparing the Barnett, Mancos, and Marcellus Formation (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B., 2016. Mastering the Strings Without Hearing a Sound. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hillmyer, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Hillmyer, 2007; Madin and Connolly, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Madin and Connolly, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Fixler et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology in Vitro
Abbreviation	Toxicol. In Vitro
ISSN (print)	0887-2333
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology